Studiul comparativ al nematodelor invazive la rapiţa de toamnă în impact cu condițiile de mediu ale Republicii Moldova

Abstract

During the period 2023-2025, unstable agroclimatic conditions favored both the cultivation of winter oilseed rape and the development of invasive nematode complexes responsible for helminthiases that negatively affected crop yield and quality. The investigations were carried out in commercial production fields located in the Central, South-Eastern, and Northern regions of the Republic of Moldova. The results of field surveys and laboratory analyses revealed the predominance of nematodes belonging to the genera Ditylenchus (D. dipsaci, D. destructor), Pratylenchus, Heterodera, Globodera, Anguina, Criconemoides (C. xenoplax), Paratylenchus, Meloidogyne (M. hapla, M. incognita, and M. arenaria), Rotylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Filenchus, and Tylenchorhynchus. Representatives of the free-living nematode fauna belonged to the genera Alaimus, Mylonchulus, Rhabditis, Diplogaster, Cervidellus, Eudorylaimus, Pungentus, Aphelenchus, Ectaphelenchus, Paratylenchus, and the subgenus Lelenchus. A total of 52 nematode species belonging to 15 genera were identified, including 26 plant-parasitic species with invasive potential. Eleven plant-parasitic nematode species were recorded most frequently, with an average incidence ranging from 7% to 40% and a disease severity of 5-20%, affecting both the root system and the aboveground organs of winter oilseed rape plants.