Comparative study between the adsorbent material based on clay and the biological material extracted from Cyprinus carpio

Abstract

This comparative study aims to evaluate the efficiency of a cationic clay-based adsorbent in comparison with two biological materials derived from fish: the bladder and the scales. Cationic clays are recognized for their ability to adsorb various contaminants due to their large specific surface areas and specific chemical properties. On the

other hand, biological materials from fish, such as the bladder and scales, offer an ecological and sustainable alternative, having the potential to adsorb pollutants due to their unique composition and porous structure. The clay-based materials, fish scales, and fish bladder were dried and impregnated with Vanadium (IV) oxide sulfate hydrates 97%. Vanadium can have several effects

on clay-based materials, fish scales and fish bladder, such as: increased adsorption capacity, chemical stability, and catalytic properties. The newly synthesized materials were characterized using the following methods: X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) method was used to determine the specific surface area. The three synthesized and characterized materials denoted Al-PILC-BN-V, FSV and B-V were tested for the retention and catalytic destruction of the food dye Malachite Green, as well as of the organic pollutant Trinitrotoluene. This study aims to identify the advantages and limitations of each type of adsorbent, thus contributing to the development of more efficient and sustainable solutions for environmental remediation.