Emerging hybrid aero-nanomaterials based on wide-band-gap semiconductor compounds

Abstract

This work presents significant advancements in ultraporous three-dimensional nano-architectures composed of carbon and wide-band-gap semiconductor compounds. These aero-nanomaterials, which combine the key properties of aerogels (ultra-low density, high porosity, superior insulation) with nanoscale enhancements, exhibit broadened functionality and applicative potential. The study delves into the intricate synthesis methods, detailed characterization techniques, and varied applications of carbon-based aeromaterials. Particular attention is given to cutting-edge developments such as graphene aerogels and Aerographite, highlighting their unique structural and functional properties. Functionalizing Aerographite and graphene aerogels with strategically chosen semiconductors like GaN and ZnO results in composite materials exhibiting exceptional promise for applications in electronics, photonics, and environmental remediation, addressing critical challenges in these areas. Examining the mechanical, electrical, and optoelectronic properties reveals their potential to revolutionize environmental science, biomedical engineering, and next-generation electronics. A key highlight is the development and application of aerogalnite or aero-GaN, a semiconductor-based aeromaterial with exceptional properties like ultra-low density, mechanical flexibility, and can be used for effectively shield electromagnetic radiation in a wide range of frequencies. Aero-GaN’s unique hydrophilic-hydrophobic behavior facilitates self-assembling structures for applications such as pressure sensors and microfluidic devices. The continued development of other semiconductor-based aeromaterials, including Aero-Ga₂O₃, Aero-TiO₂, and Aero-ZnS, further expands opportunities for creating multifunctional materials optimized for technological and industrial applications.