Network analysis of freight transport system resilience in the Republic of Moldova and the EU

Abstract

This article applies a Network Method framework to analyze the resilience of the freight transport systems connecting the Republic of Moldova and the European Union (EU) following recent systemic shocks (pandemics, conflict, energy crises). The analysis integrates the role of EU Directives and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) as critical tools for creating network robustness. Historically, the network prioritized Efficiency by relying on a few highly optimized links, resulting in susceptibility to Link and Node Degradation. The strategic response is the creation of a Highly Interconnected and Redundant Network driven by digitalization and regulatory harmonization. This is achieved by: (1) Creating new alternative links (Solidarity Lanes), (2) Strengthening weak nodes (e.g., Border Crossing Points), and (3) Standardizing link properties via EU Law (e.g., eFTI Regulation and TEN-T/CEF). Resilience is thus redefined as Network Robustness – the ability to reroute flow and maintain function after link failure, underpinned by digital interoperability.