Solubility, phase equilibria, and solid phase characterization of potassium and sodium pyrophosphate in aqueous solutions over the temperature range 298.15–353.15 K

Abstract

Understanding the phase equilibria and solubility behavior of potassium and sodium pyrophosphate in aqueous systems is of considerable importance for both fundamental and applied aspects of phosphate chemistry. A detailed thermodynamic description of these systems is essential for accurately modeling solid–liquid equilibria and predicting the stability of different solid phases over a wide range of concentrations and temperatures.