In-Vitro corrosion performance of nanocarbon-reinforced biodegradable magnesium-matrix composites under simulated physiological conditions

Abstract

Iron, zinc, and magnesium-based alloys have attracted increasing attention in recent years as biodegradable implant materials. Among them, magnesium and its alloys have emerged as particularly promising candidates due to their excellent biocompatibility, mechanical properties comparable to natural bone, and their ability to gradually degrade in physiological environments1. However, their excessively high corrosion rate and associated hydrogen gas evolution under in-vitro and in-vivo conditions remain major challenges limiting their clinical application2. Recently, carbon-based nanostructures such as graphene nanosheets (GNS) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have gained significant interest in biomedical materials owing to their outstanding mechanical properties, chemical stability, and potential to improve corrosion resistance and surface bioactivity when incorporated into metallic matrices3.