Quality of grapes of Feteasca neagra wine variety depending of grow region from the Republic of Moldova

Abstract

In Moldova wine production is very important for the economic development, because is traditional for local people. The Moldovan Government have a one of the main purpose in their development strategy - to develop and promotion local traditions in the word, inclusive moldavian wines produced from local varieties. In the period from 2017 to 2021, we studied the influence of ecological conditions and grow technology on the quality of grapes of Feteasca Neagra wine variety (local moldavian variety) cultivated in different regions of the Republic of Moldova – South part (Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Cahul district / Bugeac, Comrat district / Leova, Leova District); South-east part (Purcari, Stefan Voda district); Central part (Speia, Anenii Noi district / Nisporeni, Nisporeni district / Mircesti, Ungheni district). Feteasca Neagra synonymous: Coada Rîndunicii, Coada Rândunicii, Mädchentraube Schwarz, Schwarze Mädchentraube, Pasareasca neagra, Fekete Leányka. Feteasca Neagra is a local Moldavian and Romanian wine grape variety of the middle ripening period. The period from the beginning of bud break to the full maturity of berries in the conditions of the south part of Moldova is 125-140 days with a sum of active temperatures of 2700°-2800°C. The leaves are medium, cuneate-round, five-lobed, medium or deeply dissected with the edges of the lobes bent down, glabrous below with sparse bristles along the veins. The petiolate notch is open, vaulted or lyre-shaped with a pointed bottom. The flower is bisexual. Clusters are medium, cylindrical or cylindrical, medium dense. The berries are medium, rounded, purple-black. The skin is strong. The pulp is juicy. Shoot maturation is good. Productivity is 7.0-9.5 t/ha. Feteasca Neagra is moderately affected by mildew, and weakly by other diseases and pests. The grapes are used to prepare a well-colored table wine. In our research results we concluded that the quality and quantity of grapes and wine depend directly by the ecological grow conditions. In the south part we obtained early grapes by higher sugar and titratable acidity content in comparison with grapes obtained in the central or north part of Moldova. The distance between south and north experimental vineyards are about 200 km, but the conditions are very different.