Comparative energy approaches in France and Republic of Moldova

Abstract

The article analyses the differentiated evolution of electricity demand and supply in France and the Republic of Moldova, within the broader framework of European Union energy policy, focusing on structural disparities, the policy framework and energy efficiency strategies. France has a stable energy system, based on approximately 70% nuclear energy, with a robust infrastructure (installed capacity of about 130 GW) and relatively constant demand. In contrast, the Republic of Moldova remains 65-70% dependent on imports, with a modest domestic capacity of less than 0.5 GW, but with growing demand (+9% in 2024). [8] The share of renewable energy in national consumption has reached 36% (665 MW installed), supported by policies aligned with the EU target of reaching a 30% share by 2030. The analysis highlights Moldova's efforts to strengthen energy security through measures such as building modernization and the implementation of net metering, compared to market mechanisms used in France, such as White Certificates. The results underscore Moldova's transition to a more sustainable system, despite its high dependence on imports, and reveal opportunities for adapting policy instruments from EU member states.