Biomass potential and suitable technologies for valorifying biomass in district heating systems in the Republic of Moldova

Abstract

The Republic of Moldova's thermal energy sector has demonstrated that technological and management modernization can transform an inefficient system into a reliable and efficient one. However, major challenges remain regarding financial sustainability and affordable prices, as well as fuel source diversification, including the integration of renewable components, such as biomass, to reduce dependence on natural gas. With continued investment and supportive policies, district heating can play a pivotal role in urban energy transitions by reducing greenhouse gases emissions and providing comfort, thereby improving the quality of life in large cities. According to the draft Energy Strategy of the Republic of Moldova until 2050, the structure of heat sources will change radically. It is estimated that 38% of the thermal energy generated by JSC 'Termoelectrica' will come from renewable sources, and in the case of JSC 'CET -Nord' this share will be 34%. Biomass, municipal solid waste, and solar energy will gradually replace natural gas, and individual wood and coal-fired power plants will be almost completely eliminated. This paper presents the results of the biomass energy potential assessment available for use in district heating systems in Chisinǎu and Bǎlti, It also proposes proper technology for using biomass and determines the installed capacity of biomass plants depending on the available biomass in these two regions.