Quantum Key Distribution: Securing the future of telecom

Abstract

This article examines Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) as a key technology for secure communication in the quantum era. It explains how QKD enables two users to share a secret key using quantum states, ensuring that any interception is immediately detected. The paper compares main QKD protocols (BB84, E91, and Decoy-State) and highlights real-life applications such as the Micius satellite and Euro QCI project. While QKD offers strong security advantages, it faces challenges like high costs and limited range. Future developments and integration with post-quantum cryptography will improve its scalability and effectiveness.