Articole din publicaţii naţionale

Rezultatele de cercetare aupra noilor remedii cu acțiune fungicidă utile în managementul chimic la cultura grîului de toamnă în condițiile zonei centru

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Rezultatele de cercetare aupra noilor remedii cu acțiune fungicidă utile în managementul chimic la cultura grîului de toamnă în condițiile zonei centru BIVOL, Alexei; BĂDĂRĂU, Sergiu; BIVOL, Elisaveta; CÎRLIG, Natalia; IURCU-STRĂISTARU, Elena Plantele de grâu sunt supuse intervenției unui complex de agenţi patogeni, ce includ peste zece specii de natură etiologică şi patografică micotică diversă, ca obiecte cheie de importanţă economică ce provoacă anual pagube grave cum sunt: Ustilago tritici; Tilletia caries; T. foetida; Puccinia recondita; P. glumarum; P. graminis; Erysiphe graminis; Fusarium graminearum; Septoria tritici, S. graminum; Helminthosporium triticirepentis. Remediile Camporo 25 EC și Custodia 320 SC, Cizaro ES fungicides have been tested for peach trees agauins la bolile remarcate și depistate în plantațiile grâului de toamnă. Aceste noi remedii cu acțiune fungicidă fungus and their efficience was prooved depending on the doses applied and the severity of the disease compared to the standart control. Camporo 25 EC și Custodia 320 SC, Cizaro ES fungicides are recomended as efficient chemical products in the integrated protection system to wheat grain. Frecvenţa şi intesitatea atacului, anii 2022-2023, au fost în valori de 10-45 %, în impact cu factorii de mediu, iar eficiența biologică a tratamentelor pe sole de testare al noilor remedii în calitate de fungicid au fost de 90-93 %, la nivelul variantei etalon comparativ pe variante și doze aplicate.; Wheat plants are subject to the impact of a complex of pathogenic agents, which include over ten species of diverse etiological and pathological nature, as key objects of economic importance, that annually cause serious damage, such as: Ustilago tritici; Tilletia caries; T. foetida; Puccinia recondita; P. glumarum; P. graminis; Erysiphe graminis; Fusarium 254 graminearum; Septoria tritici, S. graminum; Helminthosporium triticirepentis. The fungicidal remedies Camporo 25 EC, Custodia 320 SC and Sizaro ES fungicides have been tested against the diseases detected in winter wheat plantations. The efficiency of these new remedies with antifungal action was proved depending on the doses applied and the severity of the disease, as compared with the standard control. Camporo 25 EC and Custodia 320 SC, Cizaro ES fungicides are recommended as efficient chemical products in the integrated protection system of winter wheat. The frequency and intensity of the attack of pathogens, in 2022-2023, ranged between 10 and 45%, depending on environmental factors, and the biological efficiency of the new remedies tested on experimental plots as fungicides was 90-93%, at the level of the standard variant, comparing the variants and doses applied.

Reducing sulphite consumption in wines by applying bioprotective yeasts

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Reducing sulphite consumption in wines by applying bioprotective yeasts CUPCEA, Nicolai; STURZA, Rodica Consumer demand for “low-sulfite” wines requires alternative microbiological preservation strategies. Non-Saccharomyces yeasts (Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Torulaspora delbrueckii) suppress spoilage organisms through bioprotection (iron chelation, nutrient competition, oxygen depletion) without compromising fermentation. Bioprotective yeasts operate through an elegant ecological principle: inoculated directly into fresh grape must at the prefermentation stage, they rapidly colonize the available microbial niche before indigenous spoilage organisms can establish themselves. Operating at low prefermentation temperatures (10-16°C), these non-Saccharomyces yeasts competitively consume fermentable sugars and nutrients, produce inhibitory metabolites, trigger oxygen-dependent stress responses that suppress acetic acid bacteria and lactic acid bacteria, and establish mechanisms of cell-contact inhibition. Essentially, they perform this protective action without initiating alcoholic fermentation – a role reserved for later inoculated Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, which take over once the ethanol concentration exceeds the ethanol tolerance threshold (~5% v/v) of the bioprotectors. This study reports the results of field tests conducted under Moldovan conditions, validating the efficacy of bioprotector yeasts on white grape musts from the Codru region (Glera and Fetească Regală varieties). The results demonstrated a 32–50% reduction in sulfites compared to traditional methods. Volatile acidity levels (0.43–0.44 g/L) remained at approximately 40% of the EU quality threshold, demonstrating the successful suppression of acetic acid bacteria and other spoilage microorganisms during the critical pre-fermentative stage. The author would like to thank the Institutional Project, subprogram 020405 “Optimizing food processing technologies in the context of the circular bioeconomy and climate change”, Bio-OpTehPAS, being implemented at the Technical University of Moldova.

Postprandial glycemic response to thermally processed rice: experimental basis for metabolic predictability and stability assessment

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Postprandial glycemic response to thermally processed rice: experimental basis for metabolic predictability and stability assessment VÎRLAN, Anna; SIMINIUC, Sergiu; ȚURCANU, Dinu; SIMINIUC, Rodica Postprandial glycemic response is strongly influenced not only by food composition but also by technological processing conditions applied prior to consumption. Rice represents an appropriate experimental model for investigating how domestic thermal processing affects metabolic responses. The aim of this study was to experimentally evaluate the effect of cooking duration on postprandial glycemic response and to establish an in vivo experimental basis for assessing metabolic variability, stability, and predictability. Four rice varieties differing in structural characteristics (three refined varieties and one whole-grain variety) were analysed under two cooking regimes: recommended cooking time and prolonged cooking (+10 min), simulating thermal overprocessing. An in vivo study involving ten healthy participants was conducted. Glycemic response was assessed using glycemic index (GI), incremental area under the glycemic curve (iAUC₀–₁₂₀), postprandial glycemic dynamics (0–120 min), and glycemic load (GL) of a standard 300 g portion. Statistical evaluation was performed using two-factor ANOVA to determine the effects of rice variety and cooking duration. Results showed systematic increases in GI and iAUC₀–₁₂₀ for refined rice varieties following prolonged cooking, indicating enhanced starch digestibility and increased glycemic exposure. In contrast, whole-grain long-grain rice exhibited a differentiated response characterized by reduced iAUC values and maintenance of moderate glycemic load despite extended thermal treatment. ANOVA analysis confirmed significant effects of both variety (F=48.84, p<0.001) and cooking duration (F=7.14, p=0.009), as well as a significant interaction between factors, demonstrating that technological processing effects are variety-dependent. Extended cooking also reduced interindividual variability for some varieties, suggesting partial convergence of metabolic responses. Cooking duration acts as a critical technological determinant of both intensity and stability of postprandial glycemic response. The experimental protocol proved sensitive to technological modification, providing a validated basis for predictive modelling of glycemic response. The research was supported by Institutional Project, subprogram 020405 “Optimizing food processing technologies in the context of the circular bioeconomy and climate change”, Bio-OpTehPAS, being implemented at the Technical University of Moldova.

Characterization of liposomes as delivery systems for polyphenols

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Characterization of liposomes as delivery systems for polyphenols POPOVICI, Violina Polyphenols are valuable bioactive compounds widely recognized for their strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and health-promoting properties. However, their incorporation into food systems is often limited by low stability, sensitivity to environmental factors (light, oxygen, temperature), and reduced bioavailability during gastrointestinal digestion. Liposomal encapsulation represents a promising strategy to protect polyphenols, improve their stability, and enhance their bioaccessibility in functional food applications. In this study, polyphenol-loaded liposomes were characterized in terms of particle size distribution, antioxidant activity during in vitro digestion, and storage stability. The obtained liposomal systems exhibited particle sizes ranging between 126.17±3.17 and 198.78±2.48 nm, confirming their nanoscale structure and suitability for incorporation into food matrices. The stability of polyphenol-loaded liposomes during storage is influenced by factors such as lipid oxidation, membrane permeability, and potential interactions between encapsulated compounds and the phospholipid bilayer. Although a gradual reduction in the concentration of encapsulated polyphenols may occur over time due to oxidative and hydrolytic processes, the liposomal structure contributes to maintaining a significant level of antioxidant activity. The protective phospholipid matrix reduces direct exposure of polyphenols to environmental stress factors, thereby enhancing their overall stability compared to non-encapsulated forms. The obtained results confirm that liposomes function as efficient delivery systems for polyphenols, enhancing their stability, digestive behavior, and functional properties. These findings support the potential application of liposomal encapsulation in the development of fortified and functional food products with improved nutritional value and bioactive compound retention. The research was supported by the State Project for Young Researchers 25.80012.5107.10TC “Stabilization of Plant-derived Bioactive Compounds by Liposomal Encapsulation”, running within Technical University of Moldova.